Publications
2023
Khan, Dr Nazia
In: & Cchavi Vasisht, Vinod Anand (Ed.): pp. 153-160, Pentagon Press, 2023, ISBN: ISBN:978-93-90095-83-4(HB).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Chin, Kachin, Minorities, Myanmar, Rohingya, Theravada Buddhism
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Buddhism, Constitutionalism, and the Status of Ethnic Minorities in Myanmar,” in Vinod Anand \& Cchavi Vasisht (eds.), Revisiting Myanmar: Present Through Past, Pentagon Press Pg 153-160. ISBN:978-93-90095-83-4(HB)},
author = {Dr Nazia Khan},
editor = {Vinod Anand \& Cchavi Vasisht},
url = { http://www.pentagonpress.in/book_details.aspx?this=24145},
isbn = {ISBN:978-93-90095-83-4(HB)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-20},
urldate = {2023-07-20},
pages = {153-160},
publisher = {Pentagon Press},
abstract = {The constitution defines a nation, and Myanmar has struggled both with constitutional making and democratisation. Since independence, Buddhism, which is practised by the majority, has held a special position within the constitution. It has been established by the three constitutions adopted since independence, which were in the years 1947, 1974, and 2008.The 2008 constitution was hailed as a roadmap to Myanmar\'s democracy, further establishing the military’s authority over the country. Being an ethnically diverse nation, Myanmar has also faced insurgency from various ethnic groups. It identifies 135 ethnic
groups within the country, which excludes Rohingya. Myanmar citizenship is based on indigeneity \textendash defined as residents in the country before 1823. The chapter seeks to trace constitutionalism, Buddhism, and the status of minorities in Myanmar regarding the policies of the state and constitutional provisions. The total population of Myanmar is 56.6 million, out of which 88 per cent comprise Theravada Buddhists, six per cent are Christians, and four per cent are Muslims. The 2014 census excluded Rohingya, but the NGOs and the government estimated 1.1 million Rohingya\'s before October 2016. Ethnicity and religion are related to each other in Myanmar in a way, Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion among the Bamar majority and the Shan, Rakhine, and Mon ethnic groups. The ethnic groups of Kachin, Chin, and Naga follow Christianity. The ethnic community of Rohingya and Kaman follow Islam. In analysing the status of minorities, the study will reflect on the historical as well as the current dispositions of state and minority relations. The chapter proposes to answer the following questions: What are the constitutional rights of minorities? What rights do minorities enjoy about the Bamar Buddhist majority? How is the state and minorities\' relation defined in Myanmar?},
keywords = {Chin, Kachin, Minorities, Myanmar, Rohingya, Theravada Buddhism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The constitution defines a nation, and Myanmar has struggled both with constitutional making and democratisation. Since independence, Buddhism, which is practised by the majority, has held a special position within the constitution. It has been established by the three constitutions adopted since independence, which were in the years 1947, 1974, and 2008.The 2008 constitution was hailed as a roadmap to Myanmar's democracy, further establishing the military’s authority over the country. Being an ethnically diverse nation, Myanmar has also faced insurgency from various ethnic groups. It identifies 135 ethnic
groups within the country, which excludes Rohingya. Myanmar citizenship is based on indigeneity – defined as residents in the country before 1823. The chapter seeks to trace constitutionalism, Buddhism, and the status of minorities in Myanmar regarding the policies of the state and constitutional provisions. The total population of Myanmar is 56.6 million, out of which 88 per cent comprise Theravada Buddhists, six per cent are Christians, and four per cent are Muslims. The 2014 census excluded Rohingya, but the NGOs and the government estimated 1.1 million Rohingya's before October 2016. Ethnicity and religion are related to each other in Myanmar in a way, Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion among the Bamar majority and the Shan, Rakhine, and Mon ethnic groups. The ethnic groups of Kachin, Chin, and Naga follow Christianity. The ethnic community of Rohingya and Kaman follow Islam. In analysing the status of minorities, the study will reflect on the historical as well as the current dispositions of state and minority relations. The chapter proposes to answer the following questions: What are the constitutional rights of minorities? What rights do minorities enjoy about the Bamar Buddhist majority? How is the state and minorities' relation defined in Myanmar?
groups within the country, which excludes Rohingya. Myanmar citizenship is based on indigeneity – defined as residents in the country before 1823. The chapter seeks to trace constitutionalism, Buddhism, and the status of minorities in Myanmar regarding the policies of the state and constitutional provisions. The total population of Myanmar is 56.6 million, out of which 88 per cent comprise Theravada Buddhists, six per cent are Christians, and four per cent are Muslims. The 2014 census excluded Rohingya, but the NGOs and the government estimated 1.1 million Rohingya's before October 2016. Ethnicity and religion are related to each other in Myanmar in a way, Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion among the Bamar majority and the Shan, Rakhine, and Mon ethnic groups. The ethnic groups of Kachin, Chin, and Naga follow Christianity. The ethnic community of Rohingya and Kaman follow Islam. In analysing the status of minorities, the study will reflect on the historical as well as the current dispositions of state and minority relations. The chapter proposes to answer the following questions: What are the constitutional rights of minorities? What rights do minorities enjoy about the Bamar Buddhist majority? How is the state and minorities' relation defined in Myanmar?
2018
Khan, Nazia
Buddhism, Religious Extremism and Muslims in Sri Lanka Journal Article
In: International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 6, iss. 4, pp. 238-253, 2018, ISSN: 2320-2882.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Buddhist monks, Islamophobia, Religious Extremism, Sri Lankan Muslims, Theravada Buddhism
@article{5,
title = {Buddhism, Religious Extremism and Muslims in Sri Lanka},
author = {Nazia Khan},
url = {https://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1133787.pdf},
issn = {2320-2882},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-01},
urldate = {2018-12-01},
journal = {International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts},
volume = {6},
issue = {4},
pages = {238-253},
abstract = {The article will enumerate the causes behind the religious extremism in Sri Lanka. It will underline the teachings of the Theravada tradition of Buddhism about war and conflict. Sri Lanka is a land of Buddhists; a religion that preaches peace and harmony. But a section of monks using the erroneous interpretation of texts is justifying violence on minorities. This has inculcated a sense of distrust among the various ethnic and religious groups in the society and transforming Sri Lanka into a majoritarian state. Sri Lanka has experienced similar targeting of minorities during colonial period as well when Buddhist revival movement was taking place. The earlier incidents of conflict and violence against the Muslims help to understand the present incidents which are taking place against them. Thus, the last section will deal with the various causes which have led to the rise to religious extremism in the post-civil war Sri Lanka. The spread of Islamophobia has not only contributed but vindicated the acts of violence on Muslims. The attack on Muslims, justified in the name of extremism in Islam and threat it poses to Buddhism globally, will be analyzed.},
keywords = {Buddhist monks, Islamophobia, Religious Extremism, Sri Lankan Muslims, Theravada Buddhism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article will enumerate the causes behind the religious extremism in Sri Lanka. It will underline the teachings of the Theravada tradition of Buddhism about war and conflict. Sri Lanka is a land of Buddhists; a religion that preaches peace and harmony. But a section of monks using the erroneous interpretation of texts is justifying violence on minorities. This has inculcated a sense of distrust among the various ethnic and religious groups in the society and transforming Sri Lanka into a majoritarian state. Sri Lanka has experienced similar targeting of minorities during colonial period as well when Buddhist revival movement was taking place. The earlier incidents of conflict and violence against the Muslims help to understand the present incidents which are taking place against them. Thus, the last section will deal with the various causes which have led to the rise to religious extremism in the post-civil war Sri Lanka. The spread of Islamophobia has not only contributed but vindicated the acts of violence on Muslims. The attack on Muslims, justified in the name of extremism in Islam and threat it poses to Buddhism globally, will be analyzed.